Notable are Emil Ponfick, German pathologist, born November 3, 1844, Frankfurt am Main; died November 3, 1913, Breslau. Emil Ponfick studied medicine in Tübingen, Freiburg and Heidelberg, where he obtained his doctorate in 1867. After a period of time as assistant to the famous Heidelberger surgeon Karl Otto Weber (1827-1767) he undertook pathological-anatomical studies with Friedrich Daniel von Recklinghausen (1833-1910) at Würzburg, and then in 1868 moved to the pathological institute in Berlin as assistant to Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902), becoming 1st assistant in 1873. Whilst in Berlin he published on the pathology of the liver and spleen, as well as the blood and bone marrow, embolism of the mesenteric artery.

Ponfick was appointed ordinarius of pathology at Rostock in 1873, succeeding Theodor Ackermann (1825-1896). In 1876 Ponfick moved to Göttingen, where he was appointed to a foundation chair of pathology, and there continued his work on haematological topics such as myelogenous leukaemia and haemaglobulinaemia. In 1878 he succeeded Julius Friedrich Cohnheim (1839-1884) in Breslau (Wroclav), where he became director if the pathological institute and from 1884 also Medicinalrath and member of the Provinzial-Medizinal-Kollegium, eventually becoming Geheimer Medicinalrath.

Ponfick remained in Breslau until his death. It was here that he established the identity of aspergillosis and the animal and human forms of acetinomycosis, writing a textbook on the subject in 1882. He also established that the ray fungus in man and cattle are identical, he made important contributions to myxoedema and published a large topographical atlas of medical/surgical diagnosis. He last work was “Bright Disease” which commanded his attention when one of his sons died of chronic renal disease. He managed to finish his monograph just before he died.

Alois Alzheimer (Alsheimer) (June 14, 1864 - December 19, 1915), a German neurologist ("Nervenarzt", which includes psychiatry), was a colleague of Emil Kraepelin, who first identified the symptoms of what is now known as Alzheimers Disease. He observed the disease in 1906. He was born in a small town called Marktbreit, Bavaria, where his father served in the office of notary public. Alzheimer attended Aschaffenburg, Tübingen, Berlin, and Würzburg universities. He received a medical degree at Würzberg University in 1887. In the following year, he spent five months assisting mentally ill women, before he took an office in the city mental asylum in Frankfurt am Main: the Städtische Irrenanstalt. Emil Sioli was the dean of that asylum (1852-1922). Another neurologist, Franz Nissl (1860-1919), began to work in that same asylum with Alzheimer, and they knew each other. Alzheimer was the co-founder and co-publisher of the German journal called Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie. He never wrote a book that he would call his own. He fell ill on the train to University of Breslau and died of endocarditis at the age of 51, five months after arrival to Breslau (now Wroclaw, Poland).