David Kahana (Kogan) (1838–1915), scholar, Kahana, who was born in Odessa, published his first article in Ha-Meliz in 1866. He became known through his monographs on kabbalists, Shabbateans, and Hasidim which were first published in Ha-Shahar (1874–75; later in Keneset Yisrael 1886, and Ha-Shilo'ah, 1897, 1899, 1909), and then in book form. His main work in this field is concentrated in his two-volume Toledot ha-Mekubbalim, ha-Shabbeta'im ve-ha-Hasidim (1913; 19262). In the field of Bible studies he published: (1) Or Hadash (1880) on Psalm 68; (2) Mehkerei Kohelet ben David (1881), an introduction to the Book of Ecclesiastes, with a commentary to Psalm 119 as an appendix; (3) Devar Ester (1881), introduction and commentary to the Book of Esther; (4) Masoret Seyag la-Mikra (1882), a defense of the masorah; (5) Mavo le-Parshat Bilam u-Devar Atono (1883); and (6) Toledot Shelomo (1883), on Solomon and Solomonic literature.

Kahana also wrote numerous studies on other periods of Jewish history, in particular a number of articles on medieval grammarians and poets published in Ha-Shilo'ah. Noteworthy among his other works are: (1) Le-Toledot R. Sa'adyah Ga'on (1892); (2) Rosh Petanim (1883), on Eisenmenger; (3) Ma'asei Even Reshef (1884), on the forgeries of Firkovich; (4) Hokhmat Yehudah (1892), Jewish-Christian polemics on religion; (5) On Lilienthal and the Russian Haskalah Movement (Ha-Shilo'ah, 1912). Kahana also edited the Hebrew original of Ben Sira, Hokhmat ben Sira (1912; first published in Ha-Shilo'ah) together with the only Hebrew commentary on the book existing at that time; the collected poems, with introductions and notes of Dunash b. Labrat (1894), Solomon Sharvit ha-Zahav (1894), and Abraham ibn Ezra (1894); and Megillat Sefer (1897), an autobiography of Jacob Emden, based on manuscripts in Oxford. He died in Odessa.

Ephraim Deinard (1846–1930), bibliographer and Hebrew author. Born in Sasmakken, Latvia, Deinard wandered in his youth, collecting ancient manuscripts and books in many countries, and then established a bookshop in Odessa. In 1897 he tried unsuccessfully to found an agricultural settlement in Nevada (U.S.). An active Zionist, he settled in Palestine in 1913 where he investigated the possibilities of Jewish settlement. After being expelled by the Turks in 1916 he returned to the United States and continued his bibliographical work. His two most noteworthy bibliographical works are Or Mayer: Catalogue of the Old Hebrew Manuscripts and Printed Books of the Library of the Hon. Mayer Sulzberger of Philadelphia (1896) and Koheleth America (1926), a listing of Hebrew books published in America from 1735 to 1926. The first part of the latter work contains essays on the state of Hebrew literature in America, which are written in his unadorned, but typically acerbic, style. He laid the foundations of the Hebrew book and manuscript collections of the Library of Congress with the financial aid of Jacob Schiff. A violent polemicist on many controversial subjects, he attacked Reform Judaism, Hasidism, Christianity, and Karaism. Deinard was a prolific Hebrew writer, producing more than 50 books and pamphlets often signed with his pseudonym, Adir. These included Toledot Even Reshef (1879; a biography of Abraham Firkovich, whom he knew in the Crimea); Sefer Massa Krim (1878; on travels in Crimea); Massa le-Erez Kedem (1883; travels in Palestine and Egypt); Sefer Miflagot be-Yisrael (1899; on the Subbotniki and Hasidim); Zikhronot Bat Ammi (1920; a history of Russian Jewry over the previous 70 years). He also published several short-lived Hebrew and Yiddish journals, among them Ha-Le'ummi, one of the earliest Hebrew periodicals in America.

"נדפס במכ"ע הלאמי". עמ' 53-52: מכתב נחמיה שמואל ליבאוויטש אל אפרים דיינארד.