Jacob Goldenthal (1815–1868), Austrian orientalist. Goldenthal was born in Brody and became principal of the Jewish school in Kishinev, Russia, in 1843; in 1846 he settled in Vienna and taught oriental languages, rabbinics, and literature at the University of Vienna from 1849 until his death.

Goldenthal published several articles on medieval Jewish literature in Kokhevei Yizhak (5, 1846; 24, 1858). He edited the following medieval texts: Abraham ibn Hasdai's Hebrew translation of al-Ghazali's Arabic Mizan al-Amal, Sefer Moznei Zedek (1939); Averroes' commentary on Aristotle's Rhetoric, translated to Hebrew as Be'ur Ibn Rushd le-Sefer ha-Halazah le-Aristo (1842); Mesharet Moshe (1845), an exposition of Maimonides' teaching on the concept of providence; Nissim b. Jacob's Mafte'ah shel Manulei ha-Talmud (1847), dealing with Talmud methodology; Moses Rieti's poem Mikdash Me'at (1851), on ancient philosophy and the history of Jewish literature; and Moses Narboni's commentary on Maimonides' Guide, Be'ur le-Sefer Moreh Nevukhim (1852). Goldenthal tried to revive Jost and Creizenach's periodical Zion, but only one issue, Neue Zion (1845), appeared. His correspondence with S. D. Luzzatto was published in Kokhevei Yizhak. He also published the first Hebrew textbook for the study of Arabic, Sefer Maspik li-Ydi'at Dikduk Lashon Arvi (1857), and compiled a catalog of forty Hebrew manuscripts at the National Library of Vienna (1851).