Hostile portrayals of Jews are scattered throughout the writings of Fyodor Dostoyevsky. (A noteworthy instance is the criminal who remains faithful to the practices of Judaism in Zapiski iz mertvogo doma ("Memoirs from the House of the Dead," 1861–62). In his writing Dostoevsky consistently depicted Jews as negative characters and stereotypes, which reflects the profound anti-Semitism expressed in his letters and personal life.