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Letter by R. Judah ibn Attar to R. Jacob ibn Zur concerning three ladies in Moroccan captivity. In seeking R. Zur assistance R. Attar quotes the verse of Dinah's brothers before they destroyed her seducers, וכן לא יעשה (which thing ought not to be done) (Genesis 34.8, R. Attar adds the Talmudic version of "Israelite daughters."
R. Judah b. Jacob ibn Attar, (known as "Rabbi al-Kabbir" (the great teacher); 1655–1733), was born in Fez and at a young age he was appointed head of the Moroccan dayyanim, after refusing to accept any remuneration for this function. He earned his living in trade and devoted his life to the well being of his coreligionists. In collaboration with his disciple, R. Jacob Ibn Zur, he published the takkanot of the first Spanish exiles in Fez and drew up new regulations that continued to serve as the basis of Judeo-Moroccan jurisprudence. His published works include Minhat Yehudah on the Pentateuch; customs and practices of Fez regarding terefot published in Mekor Hayyim (1897). Many responsa were published in Mishpat u-Zedakah le-Ya'akov (pt. 1–1894, pt. 2–1903) and others appear in works of various Moroccan rabbis. Many of his writings still exist in manuscript including a commentary on Midrash Rabbah. The Hida devotes a lengthy description to him, where he describes him as a holy man whose name invokes miracles even after his demise.
R. Jacob b. Reuben Ibn Zur (1673–1752), rabbi, scholar, and poet; born in Fez. Among his teachers were R. Menahem Serero and R. Vidal Zarfati. Oppressive taxation induced R. Ibn Zur to move to Meknes, where he became a member of the bet din of R. Judah ibn Attar. Between 1738 and 1740 he moved to Tetuan where he also served on the bet din. At an advanced age, he ordained five of his students, who later became known as the "Court of Five" (bet din shel hamishah). R. Ibn Zur's works include responsa of considerable historical value. Some were published in the collection Mishpat u-Zedakah be-Ya'akov (Alexandria, 1894). Others are found in the works of his contemporaries and several hundred remain unpublished. He also wrote Et le-Khol Hefez, a poetical miscellany (Alexandria, 1893).
His other works, still in manuscript are: Et Sofer (Ms. Berlin), specimens of contracts, documents and form letters, most of which were published in R. Abraham Ankawa's Kerem Hemed; Leshon Limmudim, specimens of letters and essays (Ms. Berlin); and sermons and Bible commentaries. A large number of R. Ibn Zur's piyyutim are included in various collections, both printed and handwritten, of Moroccan zemirot and are among the most popular poetical creations of the Moroccan Jews. |