During the civil struggle that took place in the Netherlands between supporters of the French Revolution and followers of the House of Orange, the overwhelming majority of the Dutch Jews remained loyal to the Orange dynasty. The leaders of both Jewish communities in Amsterdam were opposed to the granting of civil rights to the Jews by the revolutionaries because this would have led to loss of the communal autonomy. After Holland was conquered by the French in 1795, becoming the Batavian Republic, the communal leadership reconciled itself to the new regime. In the meantime, leaders of the Jewish champions of emancipation, such as M. S. Asser and H. de Lemon, founded a revolutionary Jewish society which they named "Felix Libertate" (1795). Jewish civic emancipation was granted on September 2, 1796, and in 1798 Moses Moresco became the first Jew to sit on the municipal council of Amsterdam. As the leaders of the community refused to permit the revolutionaries to conduct propaganda among their members, the revolutionaries left the community and established a new Adass Jeshurun congregation (1797–1808) under the proselyte rabbi Isaac Graanboom. The fierce conflict which broke out between the two communities was conducted mainly in the pages of Yiddish periodicals. King Louis Napoleon (1806–10) ordered the two Ashkenazi communities to reunite, and the leadership was henceforward retained by supporters of emancipation, including Jonas Daniel Meyer. Meyer also attempted to unite the Portuguese community, now much less influential, with the Ashkenazi community, but did not succeed. The reestablished Dutch monarchy (1815), left the question of Jewish emancipation unaffected. William I, of the House of Orange, was friendly to the Jews and recognized the Jewish community as a religious organization and regulated its structure, which remained almost unchanged until World War II. Soon after his coronation he appointed a committee to regulate the relations of the Jews to the state. A law was passed (1814) concerning the "Israelietisch Kerkgenootschap," and as a court of the last resort in Jewish matters a "Hoofdcommissie tot de Zaken der Israelieten" was instituted. A further decree (1817) required the congregations to maintain Jewish free schools for the poor.