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Tohorot (cleannesses), the last of the six orders of the Mishnah, according to the traditional arrangement mentioned in the homily of Simeon b. Lakish (Shab. 31a), but the fifth order according to R. Tanhuma (Num. R. 13:15). Tohorot discusses the halakhot of the different categories of ritual purity and impurity.
It contains 12 tractates, arranged in descending order according to the number of chapters: Kelim, containing 30 chapters, on vessels susceptible to impurity; Oholot, 18 chapters, on ritual impurity arising from the overshadowing of a dead person; Nega'im, 14 chapters, on uncleanness relating to leprosies; Parah, 12 chapters, on the red heifer; Tohorot, ten chapters, mainly on conditions rendering foods unclean; Mikva'ot, ten chapters, on the pools for ritual immersion; Niddah, ten chapters, on uncleanness relating to the menstruant; Makhshirim, six chapters, on the fluids rendering food susceptible to becoming ritually impure; Zavim, five chapters, on uncleannesss from gonorrhea; Tevul Yom, four chapters, on uncleanness, lasting until the sunset, of one who has gone through ritual immersion during the day; Yadayim, four chapters, on the uncleanness of unwashed hands and their purification; and Ukzin, three chapters, on the uncleanness transferred by the stalks or husks of fruits or plants - 126 chapters in all. Because of its length, some divided Kelim into three bavot ("gates"), namely Bava Kamma, Bava Mezia, and Bava Batra, each containing ten chapters, as was done with Nezikin (see Bava Kamma). In the Tosefta of Tohorot, Kelim Bava Kamma has seven chapters, Kelim Bava Mezia 11, and Kelim Bava Batra, seven chapters; Oholot has 18, Nega'im nine, Parah 12, Niddah nine, Mikva'ot seven (or eight), Tohorot 11, Makhshirim three, Zavim five, Yadayim two, Tevul Yom two, and Ukzin three chapters. Apart from the tractate Niddah, Tohorot has no Gemara in either the Jerusalem or Babylonian Talmud.
R. Moses Shapira, son of the zaddik R. Phinehas b. Abraham of Korets, founded the Slavuta printing press, in 1791. Later his two sons, R. Samuel Abraham and R. Phinehas, took over the administration of the press. Three editions of the Babylonian Talmud, an edition of the Bible (with commentaries), the Zohar, and many other religious works, especially Hasidic literature, were all produced handsomely and with great care by the press. In 1836 the press was closed down when the owners were arrested for the alleged murder of a worker who had supposedly denounced them for printing books without permission from the censor. Slavuta imprints are rare as they were consistently and continuously used by Hasidim, causing extreme wear and the destruction of many copies.
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