R. Eleazar b. Judah Roke'ah (c. 1165–c. 1230), scholar in the fields of halakhah, theology, and exegesis in medieval Germany. The Roke'ah was the last major scholar of the Hasidei Ashkenaz movement (see Hasidei Ashkenaz). Born in Mainz, he traveled and studied in many of the centers of learning in Germany and northern France. He spent most of his life in Worms. The Roke'ah was a member of the Kalonymus family, one of the most important German-Jewish families of that period. His father R. Judah b. Kalonymus, one of the leading scholars of his generation, taught his son both halakhah and esoteric theology. R. Judah b. Samuel, he-Hasid ("the Pious"), the leading figure in the Hasidei Ashkenaz movement, to whom the Roke'ah was related, was, however, his main teacher in the latter field and R. Moses ha-Kohen and R. Eliezer of Metz were his most prominent teachers in halakhah. The Roke'ah witnessed and suffered personally from the new outburst of persecution of the Jews by the Crusaders at the end of the 12th and the beginning of the 13th century. On a number of occasions in his commentary on the prayers, one of his major works, he noted the events that befell Worms, especially during the persecutions that followed the fall of Jerusalem to Saladin. In one of these persecutions, the Roke'ah's wife, daughter, and son were murdered, and he was severely injured. This tragedy was described by him in detail both in a story and in a poem. His personal loss and the catastrophic situation in the Jewish communities in Germany explained his pessimistic outlook concerning the prospects of German Jewry. He felt that the German Jewry of his time was but a small remnant after the disasters of 1096 and the following years, and that this remnant was continually diminishing. He expressed this feeling in his introduction to the Sefer ha-Hokhmah ("Book of Wisdom"), which was written in 1217 after the death of R. Judah the Pious. He explained in this introduction that he felt compelled to put his knowledge into writing, since oral tradition was about to die out because of the deteriorating situation in Germany.

His works may be divided into five categories: halakhah, liturgical poetry (piyyutim), theology, ethics, and exegesis. R. Eleazar wrote many piyyutim. However, a reliable record of them has not yet been compiled. Many of his piyyutim were attributed to other writers (also named Eleazar), and some attributed to him were probably written by other writers. His poems, written in the then-current Ashkenazi tradition, express devotion to, and worship of, God. At the same time, they protest to God because of Israel's sufferings, and express hope for Israel's redemption and revenge on her tormentors.

His major theological work was Sodei Razayya ("Secrets of Secrets"). Four parts of this work were printed, although most of what is extant is found only in manuscripts.

His main contribution to Hasidei Ashkenaz ethical literature is contained in the first two chapters of Roke'ah. In the first he discusses the central values of this Hasidism (love and fear of God, prayer, humility, etc.). In the second, he describes in detail the ways of repentance. A discussion of the value of hasidic ethics is also found in R. Eleazar's introduction to Sodei Razayya. He wrote many exegetical works, none of which was printed, and probably quite a few are now lost.

In common with other Hasidei Ashkenaz, the Roke'ah became a legendary hero. According to a 13th-century story, he used a cloud to travel from place to place, especially when going to far-away circumcision ceremonies. He was regarded as one of the early sages of secret lore, and in later centuries many ideas and works were attributed to him.