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The word Halutzim literally means pioneers. The term came into widespread use after World War I, when Joseph Trumpeldor helped found the Hechalutz movement in Russia.Inspired by the ideal of rebuildingPalestine as a Jewish homeland, Halutzim came from countried ravaged by war and revolutions. To reach their goal, Russian Halutzim travelled dangerous roads over the Balkan lands and Caucasian mountains. Halutzim made up the bulk of the Third Aliya from 1918 to 1924 and undertook the most difficult tasks: building roads, draining swamps and establishing colonies. The first World Conference of the Hechalutz movement took place in Carlsbad, Czechoslovakia in 1921.The movement established hakhsharot, (training farms) in many countries, particularly Poland and other East European nations.The farms prepared the young Halutzim for agricultural life in Palestine, learning Hebrew and receiving a deeper knowledge of their people's history. |
