Samuel Naumbourg (1815–1880), hazzan, composer, and writer. Born in Dennelohe, near Ansbach (Bavaria), the descendant of almost ten generations of south German hazzanim, Naumbourg received his musical education at Munich and sang there in Maier Kohn's synagogue choir. After an engagement as choirmaster in Strasbourg, he came to Paris in 1843. In 1845 he was appointed first hazzan at the synagogue in the Rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, under the sponsorship of Jacques Fromental Halevy and with the government authorization to carry out his plans for a thorough reform of liturgic music (which had lapsed into disorder after the death of Israel Lovy in 1832). In 1847 he published the first two volumes of his Zemirot Yisrael (vol. 1 for the Sabbath, vol. 2 for the High Holidays), with vol. 3 Hymnes et Psaumes added when the work was reissued in 1864 (repr. 1874, 1954). In 1874 he brought out a collection of traditional synagogue melodies, Aguddat Shirim, which also included some western Sephardi material, and a long preface on the history of Jewish religious music. In 1877 Naumbourg published the first modern edition of Salamon de Rossi's Ha-Shirim Asher li-Shelomo (30 out of 33 pieces) and a selection of his madrigals, with the collaboration of Vincent d'Indy, under the name of Cantiques de Salamon Rossi; the historical importance of the undertaking is in no way diminished by its many editorial failings and liberties. Naumbourg's Zemirot Yisrael achieved an influence comparable to the works of his senior Solomon Sulzer and his junior Louis Lewandowsky. The pieces are set for hazzan and 2-to-4 part choir, with some organ accompaniments and, apart from Naumbourg's own compositions and arrangements, include some melodies by Lovy and two works by Halevy and Meyerbeer. About half of the pieces are based on traditional material, mainly south German. The others reflect the various styles then current in the Parisian grand opera, which "gave to Naumbourg's work some international features and helped it to become widely known, and much liked and used" (Idelsohn).