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Stefanie Schüler-Springorum discusses the background of this communal break--"This system of "peaceful coexistence" in Königsberg suffered a first blow when Mecklenburg's successor, Isaac Bamberger, approved the long-contested organ, the installation of which had been agreed upon in 1871 by the narrow majority of one vote, while well-known members of the community like Johann Jacoby had argued against it "for the sake of unity." As a result, the members of the German Orthodox group Adass Isroel decided to pray separately, but they did not leave the main community as they had done in other cities after this had been made possible in 1876. Their "patient stay for the sake of peace" was due in part, so it seems, to the careful and integrative policies of Bamberger, graduate of the Breslau seminar, who was able to slow down the reform impetus of the liberal majority in the various committees of the Jewish community. In order to soothe the religious conflicts, the rabbi supported the idea of coexistence by separation--that is, by building a new synagogue. The old building, he argued, could then be used by all Orthodox members. Bamberger could not foresee that the old synagogue itself would become a new object of quarrel within the community, involving financial interests as well as power politics and especially aggravating the relationship between the various Russian and German Orthodox groups. Despite those new wounds, he succeeded in maintaining the confidence and respect of all community members, especially by skillfully avoiding serious controversies with the Adass Isroel rabbi Esra Munk. Only after Bamberger's death in 1896 did a new round of conflicts start that focused on the supervision of the Shehitah. The new rabbi, Hermann Vogelstein, son of a leading figure of liberal Judaism in Germany, was apparently motivated by the wish to establish a strong position in his new office. He immediately entered into a long quarrel with R. Munk that led Adass Isroel to finally leave the main community after four years of negotiating, exchanging "open letters," and publishing mutual accusations in the Jewish press. Although the harsh attacks most certainly had their roots in personal animosities, the intransigent position of the main community, which refused to finance an Orthodox Shehitah, did not meet with much sympathy even in liberal Jewish public opinion. "
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