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The order to be followed in the ceremony of absolution from vows (hattarat nedarim), imprecations, and at the time of shovavim. The order in this edition is according to the custim followed by the pious in Jerusalem established by R. Jacob Moses Ayyish. The title page informs that hattarat Nedarim are to be said three times a year, erev Rosh Ha-Shanah, erev Yom ha-Kippur, and the last day of Shovavom.
Shovoavim is an acrostic composed of the initial letters of the names of the first eight weekly sidrot ("Torah portions") of the Book of Exodus which are read in the winter months between Hanukkah and Purim. Since diseases were prevalent, especially among infants, during the long and hard winter season, it was the custom to recite penitential prayers (selihot) on Thursdays of the weeks in which these portions were read in order to avert disastrous epidemics. These penitential prayers are recited in the morning service in the Ashkenazi ritual, or at the afternoon service only (Italian rite). In many European communities, it was customary to fast on these Thursdays; in others (North Africa) on the Mondays and the Thursdays of the Shovavim Tat period. Penitential prayers and fasting do not take place on Thursdays that coincide with a Rosh Hodesh. Kabbalists (R. Isaac Luria, R. Isaiah ha-Levi Horowitz), attributed mystical concepts to the observance of Shovavim Tat. |
