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Bidding Information
Lot #    5406
Auction End Date    8/12/2003 3:00:00 PM (mm/dd/yyyy)
          
Title Information
Title (English)    Tanit Zibbur Olame
Title (Hebrew)    תענית צבור עולמי
Author    [Pogroms] R. Yisroel Meir Ha'Kohen (Chofets Chaim)
City    Jerusalem
Publisher    Zuckerman
Publication Date    1922
          
Collection Information
Independent Item    This listing is an independent item not part of any collection
          
Description Information
Physical
Description		    Broadside, folio, 475:317 mm., usual browning, stamped by the leaders of Jerusalem.
          
Detailed
Description		    Call for fast days and prayer by the Chofets Chaim and Reb Chaim Ozer for the survival of Russian Jewry, who were the victims of three large-scale waves of pogroms, each of which surpassed the preceding in scope and savagery. These occurred between the years 1881 and 1884, 1903 and 1906, and 1917 and 1921. The pogroms of the 1880s took place during the period of confusion which prevailed in Russia after the assassination of Czar Alexander II by members of the revolutionary organization Narodnaya Volya on March 13, 1881. Anti-Jewish circles spread a rumor that the czar had been assassinated by Jews and that the government authorized attacks on them. The pogroms at first also received the support of some revolutionary circles, who regarded this action as a preliminary awakening of the masses which would lead to the elimination of the existing regime. The first pogrom occurred in the town of Yelizavetgrad (Kirovograd), in Ukraine, at the end of April 1881. From there, the pogrom wave spread to the surrounding villages and townlets - about 30 in number. At the beginning of May, the pogroms spread to the provinces of Kherson, Taurida, Yekaterinoslav (Dnepropetrovsk), Kiev, Poltava, and Chernigov. The most severe attack was perpetrated in Kiev over three days before the eyes of the governor-general and his staff of officials and police force while no attempt was made to restrain the rioters. The pogroms in Odessa were of more limited scope. During the months of July and August there was again a series of pogroms in the provinces of Chernigov and Poltava. During this period, the pogroms were mainly restricted to destruction, the looting of property, and beatings. The number of dead was small. The attackers came from among the rabble of the towns, the peasants, and the workers in industrial enterprises and the railroads. At the end of this period, the government forces reacted against the rioters and in several places even opened fire on them, leaving a number of dead and injured. The pogroms occurred in a restricted geographical region - southern and eastern Ukraine. Here there was a combination of aggravating circumstances: the traditional rebelliousness among the masses, a tradition of anti-Jewish hatred and persecutions from the 17th and 18th centuries (the massacres perpetrated by Chmielnicki and the Haidamacks), together with the presence there of homeless seasonal workers in the factories, railways, and ports, the rise of a rural bourgeoisie and local intelligentsia, who regarded the Jews as most dangerous rivals, and an extremist revolutionary movement which was unscrupulous in the methods it adopted.
          
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Listing Classification
Period
20th Century:    Checked
  
Location
Israel:    Checked
Russia-Poland:    Checked
  
Subject
History:    Checked
  
Characteristic
Language:    Hebrew
  
Manuscript Type
  
Kind of Judaica
  
Posters:    Checked