Jews may have settled in Verona as early as the Roman period, and certainly not later than the early Middle Ages. Several scholars lived in Verona, including the tosafists R. Eliezer b. Samuel of Verona (grandfather of the philosopher and physician Hillel b. Samuel of Verona) and R. Isaiah b. Mali di Trani (the Elder). The bet din of Verona and the teaching of its scholars are mentioned by the scholars of Germany.