Zionist Organization of American (Z.O.A.), was formed in 1898 when Richard Gottheil, who attended the Zionist Congress in Europe, called a New York conference which formed the Federation of American Zionists. To attract support, the Federation began to publish a monthly, The Maccabean, in 1901 And Dos Yidishe Folk in 1909. The newly formed Young Judaea (1907) and Hadassah (1912) joined the Federation, and at a convention in 1918 the various Zionist branches merged into the Z.O.A. Louis D. Brandeis was elected honorary president and Julian W. Mack president. The Mack administration (1918–21) participated in the work of the Zionist Commission in Palestine. At the Cleveland convention of 1921, Brandeis and his adherents, who differed from Chaim Weizmann and the world leadership in favoring a policy of private economic investment in Palestine, withdrew from the Z.O.A. Louis Lipsky, who supported the Keren Hayesod, became president, and the Z.O.A. grew numerically, politically, and financially. In 1924 a merger of the annual Zionist major fund-raising efforts created the United Palestine Appeal. After the outbreak of World War II in September 1939, the American Emergency Committee (Council after 1943) for Zionist Affairs (E.C.Z.A.) began to function. Z.O.A. representatives on the E.C.Z.A. occupied the front rank in the political struggles and achievements of that period. During 1946–48, U.S. support for the Jewish state was achieved by the exertions of the mobilized Zionist forces, including the Z.O.A. leaders, especially Abba Hillel Silver and Emanuel Neumann.