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Program for the Histradut ha-Le’ummit which represents the entire nation. The title page gives the author as A. Ish-Shalom, who is R. Moses Ephraim Efrati, and simply states, “And I will give peace in the land” (Leviticus 26:6) and below notes the source of the verse and the parashat, Behukosai. Matan ha-Shalom is dated Adar II 693 (March/April 1935). There is a warm letter from Rav Abraham Isaac Kook (1865–1935), first Ashkenazi chief rabbi of modern Erez Israel. From the letter it appears that Matan ha-Shalom was written at the suggestion of Rav Kook. This is followed by the author’s introduction and the text. In the text he compares the Histradut to the daled minim (four species) on Sukkot, that is, united in an umbrella organization.
Ha-Histadrut ha-Kelalit shel ha-Ovedim ha-Ivriyyim be-Erez Israel, the General Federation of Jewish Labor), until 1966, now Histradut (ha-Histadrut ha-Kelalit shel ha-Ovedim be-Erez Israel, was founded in 1920. It is the largest labor union and the largest voluntary organization in Israel and largest Jewish labor organization in the world. Histadrut Ha-Ovedim ha-Le’ummit (National Labor Federation) was founded in Jerusalem in 1934. It came into being as a result of a basic clash of outlooks between Revisionist workers and the Histadrut. The Revisionists criticized the Histadrut for being socialist and a class organ, demanded that it confine itself to trade union organization, and charged it with discriminating in the allocation of employment against members of the Revisionist Labor Bloc, which emphasized the national rather than the class interests of the workers. In 1930, the convention of the Revisionist Labor Bloc decided to leave the Histadrut and founded Irgun Ovedei ha-Zohar u-Vetar (the Organization of Revisionists and Betar Workers) in Palestine, which, in 1934, became the Histradut ha-Ovedim ha-Le’ummit. Its purpose, was to “unite all national workers in Palestine loyal to the principle of the establishment of the Jewish state in all of Palestine.” Its symbol was the blue and white flag (in contradistinction to the red flag used by the Histadrut); its anthem was "Ha-Tikvah," not the "Internationale"; and it chose the anniversary of Herzl's death, the 20th of Tammuz, rather than the First of May, as its annual workers' holiday. |
