Immanuel ben Solomon of Rome (known in Italian as Manoello Giudeo—Immanuel the Jew; c. 1261–after 1328), poet. Born in Rome, a scion of the Zifroni family, Immanuel moved in circles of scholars and poets. At times he was in charge of the correspondence of the Jewish community of Rome and addressed the community on festive occasions. The supposition that he held a high post in the community has not been proven, nor has the assumption that he was a physician been substantiated. Immanuel left Rome for unknown reasons, but his departure may have been connected with the papal edict of expulsion issued against the community in 1321. He then lived in Perugia, Fabriano, Fermo, Camerino, Ancona, Gubbio, and Verona where he probably was a private tutor in the homes of wealthy patrons. The assumption that Immanuel was a friend of Dante is not substantiated by the sources and lacks all foundation as has been shown by Umberto Cassuto and Cecil Roth. He was, however, a friend of the poet Bosone da Gubbio with whom he exchanged sonnets in commemoration of the death of Dante. Immanuel's death was the subject of an exchange of sonnets between Bosone da Gubbio and the poet Cino da Pistoia, in which the two poets eulogized him and ranked him with Dante. Immanuel's sonnets in Italian were often published, as well as his amusing "Bisbidis" describing conditions at the court of Verona.

Lazarus Goldschmidt, (1871–1950) was a scholar, bibliophile, and translator of the Talmud into German. He published the Ethiopic version of the Book of Enoch (I Enoch) with Hebrew translation (1892) and Biblioteca Ethiopica (1895). Goldschmidt published an edition of the Sefer Yezirah (1894), a Hebrew translation of the Koran (1916), and prepared a new edition of Jacob Levy's Woerterbuch zum Talmud und Midrasch (1924). On the rise of Hitler to power in 1933 Goldschmidt left Germany for England and lived in London. His bibliographical works include Hebrew Incunables (1948), and the Earliest Editions of the Hebrew Bible (1950). Goldschmidt's major contribution was his translation of the entire Babylonian Talmud into German.

Added t.p.: Hoele und Paradies nach Dantes Divina Commedia von Immanuel ben Salomo Zifroni... herausgegeben von Lazarus Goldschmidt ... בראש הספר "דברים אחדים על המחבר ומחברותיו" ובסופו "חלופים והגהות" מאת המהדיר.