Abu Hamed El-Ghazali (1058–1111), Persian Muslim theologian, jurist, mystic, and religious reformer, who wrote mainly in Arabic. Jewish thinkers through the 13th century who thought and wrote in Arabic were influenced by his works, read in the original Arabic. From the 13th century onward, a number of his works were translated into Hebrew, some more than once, commented on, and read by the Jewish thinkers of Provence and Spain, who did not know Arabic.