Bikkurei ha-Ittim (First Fruits of the Times), Hebrew literary-scientific annuals, published in Vienna for 12 successive years (1821–32), and a central forum for Haskalah literature. The editor of the first three volumes, Shalom b. Jacob Cohen, sought to continue in this publication the tradition of Ha-Me'assef, the journal which initiated Hebrew periodical publications in the Haskalah period. (He had previously published and edited the last three volumes of Ha-Me'assef he-Hadash.) The first volumes also contained a German section (transcribed into Hebrew letters), which was later discontinued. The editors following Cohen were: Moses Landau (vols. 4–5), Solomon Pergamenter (vol. 6). All the various literary genres were represented in these volumes - e.g., fiction, research, as well as translations of world literature (but mainly from German) - and were contributed by writers from Italy, Bohemia, Austria, Galicia, and Hungary. Reprints of a selection of works from Ha-Me'assef were also included. Other contributors included S. D. Luzzatto and Isaac Erter.